Modern U. S. cities were designed to make exercise unnecessary. Cars and elevators once symbolized urban areas as machines for more efficient living. Now it is clear that these improvements provide great benefits but also _26_ health costs. Recent studies show that urban _27_ encourages more driving and is associated with heavier weight. This _28_ suggests that the layout and design of cities can hinder or promote healthier lifestyle choices and it is _29_ that urban planners bear this in mind.
Unfortunately, urban planning still centers in large part on solving the problems of the past. Of course cities still need to _30_ standard public health practices, such as separating toxic facilities from homes and restricting heavy truck traffic through _31_ residential areas. But it's also important to create healthier cities—and the discussion is already underway. More and more city planners are paying increasing attention to encouraging physical activity by making it easier and safer for people to recreate, walk, bike and take public transportation. Many studies of _32_ show that people live the longest in environments where physical activity is part of everyday life.
Providing more walkable spaces, better protected bike lanes and more _33_ spaces are important steps. But even smaller changes can be effective.
Cities can close off streets on weekends to encourage communities to get out and walk. They also can provide more seating in public places, so that less-fit residents can rest during their journeys. Using public spaces in cities as places where people can exercise promotes _34_ , rather than allowing physical activity to become restricted to private gyms with often-expensive monthly fees that _35_ less wealthy people from joining.
A) correlation
B) dense
C) deter
D) equity
E) foster
F) imperative
G) impose
H) irrespective
I) longevity
J) navigate
K) recreational
L) rotten
M) sprawl
N) vibrate
O) vicinity
答案解析：
26. G these improvements provide great benefits but also _____ health costs 是一个由 but also 连接的并列结构，provide 和 _____ health costs 是并列谓语。空格处需要一个动词，与 provide 形式一致。空格所在句句意为“这些改进带来了巨大的好处，但也‘施加’了健康成本”。impose costs 是固定搭配，意为“产生成本，施加成本”，符合语境。
27. M Recent studies show that urban _____ encourages more driving... 是一个主谓宾结构，that 引导宾语从句，从句主语是 urban _____。空格前是形容词 urban (城市的)，因此空格处应填入一个名词。空格所在句句意为“最近的研究表明，城市‘蔓延’鼓励了更多的驾驶”。urban sprawl 是一个固定搭配，指“城市扩张，城市蔓延”，即城市向郊区无计划地扩张，导致人们更依赖开车，符合后文“体重更重”的描述。
28. A This _____ suggests that... 是一个主谓宾结构，主语是 This _____。空格前是指示代词 This，因此空格处应填入一个名词。前文提到了“城市蔓延”和“更重的体重”之间的关系，这里用 This 指代这种关系。correlation 意为“关联，相关性”，指两者之间的相互关系，符合句意。
29. F ...and it is _____ that urban planners bear this in mind 是一个 it is + adj. + that 的形式主语结构。空格处应填入一个形容词，构成 it is imperative that... 结构。空格所在句句意为“城市规划者记住这一点是‘至关重要的’”。imperative 意为“必要的，紧急的，至关重要的”，符合语境。
30. E Of course cities still need to _____ standard public health practices... 是一个主谓宾结构，to 是不定式符号。空格处应填入一个动词原形。空格所在句句意为“当然，城市仍然需要‘促进/培养’标准的公共卫生实践”。foster 意为“促进，培养”，比 promote 更侧重于长期的、潜移默化的培育，符合城市规划的语境。
31. B ...through _____ residential areas 是一个介词短语，_____ 修饰名词 residential areas。空格处应填入一个形容词。空格所在句句意为“限制重型卡车穿过‘密集的’居民区”。dense 意为“密集的”，形容人口或建筑密集的区域，符合城市规划中需要保护的对象。
32. I Many studies of _____ show that... 是一个主谓宾结构，of 是介词。空格处应填入一个名词，作为介词 of 的宾语。后文提到 people live the longest (人们活得更久)，这是对空格处名词的解释。longevity 意为“长寿，长命”，完全符合句意。
33. K ...and more _____ spaces are important steps 是一个主系表结构，_____ 修饰名词 spaces。空格处应填入一个形容词，与 walkable 和 protected 并列。前文提到了 recreate (娱乐，消遣)，这里指提供更多用于“娱乐的”空间。recreational 意为“娱乐的，消遣的”，符合语境。
34. D promotes _____, rather than allowing... 是一个谓语动词 promotes 的宾语。空格处应填入一个名词。后文将“公共空间锻炼”与“昂贵的私人健身房”进行对比，后者将财富较少的人排除在外。因此，在公共空间锻炼是为了促进“公平，公正”。equity 意为“公平，公正”，符合社会层面的意义。
35. C ...fees that _____ less wealthy people from joining 是一个定语从句，从句主语是 that (指代fees)，谓语是 _____...from joining。空格处应填入一个动词原形，且能与 deter sb. from doing sth. 结构搭配。空格所在句句意为“昂贵的费用会‘阻止’不太富裕的人加入”。deter sb. from doing sth. 空格所在句句意为“阻止/妨碍某人做某事”，符合句意。
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